分手之後,過得更好的兩個人
在網頁專案中常會碰到在介面上需透過資料庫提供的資料來進行呈現,這樣的介面在程式開發時通常會透過兩種方法進行, 以下針對上述的兩種方法進行一些工作方式說明與做法上的分享 。
傳統的開發模式
前、後端人員會先針對頁面設計進行可行性的討論,在前端在頁面製作完成後,逐步Release出來給後端工程師,讓後端工程師根據已經製作好的頁面進行施工,他們會在版面中加入後端程式(ASP、PHP、JSP…等),以此方式進行介面設計,最後會在後端工程師處完稿。
上圖的動態網頁版面是指將頁面串接上資料庫(Dynamic),透過資料庫的資料來進行呈現,也就是資料是”活的”,通常前端工程師會在版面中先放入一些假資料,讓後端工程師了解呈現風格,此處的動態不是指動畫,任何在頁面上的互動或動畫,應該是由前端工程師來完成。
前、後端分離
理想的做法是後端人員幾乎不用了解前端介面想如何呈現,所有API為前端人員依據頁面開需求給後端,例如產品目錄頁需要一隻API可以呈現:
- 商品名稱
- 價格
- 顏色
- 尺寸
- 依據前端傳入的參數來定義
- 一次給幾筆
- 從第幾筆開始給
- 可透過什麼條件進行篩選
以此方式進行介面設計,最後會在前端開發者處完稿。
前、後端分手後的好處
前、後端合併是傳統的合作模式,當時前端沒有好的方法可以呼叫後端API,所以所有的串接都必須由後端工程師進行協助,而自從前端程式可以透過AJAX的方式呼叫後端程式後,前、後端分離的做法就被廣為應用,他也帶來了以下的優點:
1. 權責區分明確
前、後端分離讓人員可以各自負責自己擅長的部份,前端工程師不會需要碰到伺服器端的程式,後端工程師也不會碰到前端的動畫或版面程式,能將權責清楚的區分出來,不會到時候發生網頁跑版、動畫出問題,但不清楚到底是誰動到了不該動的東西。
所以前、後端分離也就是權責上也更能夠釐清,別小看這個部分,因為這不僅僅讓雙方人員在專案開發上目標更為明確,也能夠讓專案管理變得更輕鬆。
2. 跨平台的API應用
專案中的應用平台有時不僅僅是Web,若有其他平台也有後端的需求,之前開發出來的API規格依然可以生效,就算有修改,也能依照相同的精神調整,對於後端工程師來說工作可以更單純一些。
3. 平行的開工時間
在看到ART Design所設計出來的頁面後,雙方可以迅速討論並且同時開工,不像傳統的專案,後端工程師需要等前端頁面完成後才可以施作,更能夠提升專案上的製作行程。
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
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As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
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