HTML 介紹

HTML:HyperText Markup Language,是一個用來建構網頁結構的一種標籤語法,以下是各版本的發佈年份。

年份 版本
1993 HTML
1995 HTML 2.0
1997 HTML 3.2
1997 HTML 4
1999 HTML 4.01
2000 XHTML
2014 HTML 5

撰寫HTML文件時,第一行可以宣告本文件所採用的版本,例如:

HTML 5

<!DOCTYPE html>

XHTML

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

HTML 4.01

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

其中XHTML強制每個標籤都要有結束,如果沒有外部封閉標籤的,需使用內部封閉的方式,例如:

外部封閉:<p>內容1</p><p>內容2</p>

內部封閉:內容1<br />內容2

目前大部分的瀏覽器都支援HTML5,但若要IE8以前的瀏覽器支援,請加入下面的語法:

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

想要測試自己的瀏覽器是不是完全支援所有的HTML5標籤,可以到這個網站來測試看看,以下是為大家整理的HTML標籤:

基礎結構類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<html></html> 建構整份網頁文件
<head></head> 網頁描述資料
<body></body> 網頁內容

基礎描述類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<title></title> 網頁標題
<base> 連結參考 針對相對路徑的參考位置
<meta> 頁面描述資料 關鍵字、描述…等
<style></style> CSS樣式 直接在網頁文件中撰寫CSS樣式
<script></script> Javascript語法 直接在網頁文件中撰寫Javascript樣式
<noscript></noscript> 不支援語法時顯示訊息
<link> 連結外部檔案 例如:CSS樣式表、網頁圖示檔…等

內容結構類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<h1></h1>~<h6></h6> 標題 數字越小權重越高
<p></p> 段落
<br> 跳行
<wbr> 文字過長則斷行 HTML 5新增
<hr> 水平線
<table></table> 表格
<th></th> 標題欄位
<tr></tr>
<td></td>
<caption></caption> 表格標題
<colgroup></colgroup> 欄群組
<col> 欄群組屬性設定
<thead></thead> 表格標題群組
<tbody></tbody> 表格內容群組
<tfoot></tfoot> 表格頁尾群組
<ul></ul> 定義無順序清單
<ol></ol> 定義有順序清單
<li></li> 清單項目
<dl></dl> 定義描述清單
<dt></dt> 描述項目
<dd></dd> 項目說明
<div></div> 定義區塊型的區域
<span></span> 定義單行型的區域
<header></header> 定義網頁標題區域 HTML 5新增
<nav></nav> 定義網頁導覽區域 HTML 5新增
<main></main> 定義網頁主內容區塊 HTML 5新增
<section></section> 定義網頁章節區域 HTML 5新增
<article></article> 定義網頁內容區域 HTML 5新增
<aside></aside> 定義網頁邊欄區域 HTML 5新增
<footer></footer> 定義網頁頁尾區域 HTML 5新增
<details></details> 定義詳細訊息 HTML 5新增
<summary></summary> 定義詳細訊息總結 HTML 5新增
<iframe></iframe> 內嵌頁框
<menuitem></menuitem> 彈出式選單內容 HTML 5新增(僅Firefox支援)

內容描述類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<b></b> 粗體字
<strong></strong> 粗體字 除了文字樣式上變粗之外,語意上也有加強的意思
<i></i> 斜體字
<em></em> 斜體字 除了文字樣式上變斜之外,語意上也有強調的意思
<small></small> 較小的字
<mark></mark> 突顯的字  HTML 5新增
<del></del> 刪除的字
<ins></ins> 加入的字
<sub></sub> 下標字
<sup></sup> 上標字
<q></q> 引用 用於較短的文字引用
<blockquote></blockquote> 引用 用於較長的文字引用,利用cite屬性說明出處
<abbr></abbr> 縮寫字說明 利用title屬性說明縮寫字
<address></address> 聯絡資訊
<cite></cite> 作品標題
<bdo></bdo> 文字方向 利用dir屬性決定方向(ltr:由左向右、rtl:由右向左)
<dfn></dfn> 術語
<kbd></kbd> 鍵盤輸入 表達需要使用者用鍵盤按下某按鍵
<samp></samp> 電腦回饋內容
<code></code> 程式碼
<pre></pre> 預先格式化 內容會按照在HTML中的排版來顯示
<var></var> 變數
<ruby></ruby> 文字音標 HTML 5新增
<rt></rt> 文字音標內容 HTML 5新增
<rp></rp> 不支援文字音標時顯示 HTML 5新增
<time></time> 定義日期時間 HTML 5新增
<bdo></bdo> 反向文字 HTML 5新增
<bdo></bdo> 對話框 HTML 5新增
<figure></figure> 圖片說明 HTML 5新增
<figcaption></figcaption> 圖片說明內容 HTML 5新增

連結類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<a></a> 超連結

圖形類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<img> 圖片
<map></map> 影像連結地圖
<area></area> 影像連結區域
<svg></svg> 網頁向量圖檔 HTML 5新增

表單類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<form></form> 表單範圍
<input> 表單輸入項目
<fieldset></fieldset> 表單欄位群組
<legend></legend> 表單欄位群組名稱
<select></select> 表單選單
<optgroup></optgroup> 表單選單選項群組
<option></option> 表單選單選項
<textarea></textarea> 表單文字區域
<button></button> 表單按鈕
<datalist></datalist> 表單資料清單
<keygen> 表單金鑰產生欄位 HTML 5新增
<output></output> 表單計算結果欄位
<meter></meter> 量度圖形 HTML 5新增
<progress></progress> 進度圖形 HTML 5新增

多媒體類標籤
標籤 說明 備註
<canvas></canvas> 畫布區域 HTML 5新增
<audio></audio> 聲音內容 HTML 5新增
<video></video> 視訊內容 HTML 5新增
<source> 內容來源 HTML 5新增
<track> 內容字幕指定 HTML 5新增
<embed> 外部程式內容嵌入 HTML 5新增
<object></object> 外部程式內容嵌入 HTML 5新增

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