利用GreenSock Tweening Platform製作動畫
因為馬老師剛開始利用程式製作補間動畫的Class是Tweener，所以前面介紹了很多篇這方面的文章，但當然這方面的Class不是只有Tweener而已，所以接下來介紹一個目前發展起來比Tweener還要棒很多的Class，它是由GreenSock研發的Tweening Platform（補間平台），其中包含了：「TweenNano」、「TweenLite」、「TweenMax」、「TimelineLite」、「TimelineMax」。
為什麼說他發展得比較好呢？除了Tweener能做到的幾乎它都可以以外，也因為Tweener已經停止開發，所以未來將不會有新增的功能，但TweenMax還在不斷的更新中，在官網還有以下的比較案例：
從上面的案例可以看出來利用GreenSock所研發的Tweening Platform的執行效能會比其他的好（FPS越高越好），所以接下來就來看看GreenSock Tweening Platform的簡介。
TweenNano、TweenLite與TweenMax算是同樣功能，但在製作後檔案容量是TweenNano<TweenLite<TweenMax，也就是說利用TweenNano所製作出來的動畫容量是最小的，舉個例來說，像這樣的動畫效果，TweenNano製作後swf大小為：5KB、TweenLite：8KB、TweenMax：21KB，不過在功能上面也是TweenNano<TweenLite<TweenMax，也就是說TweenMax可以掌控的效果比較多，也更具有彈性，例如：TweenNano就沒有辦法執行：pause()、play()、restart()…等，而TweenLite沒辦法執行：貝茲曲線運動、濾鏡…等，所以要用哪個版本的Tween，端看想要製作的動畫效果來考量，官方也有針對此三者製作比較表供大家參考。
另外TimelineLite和TimelineMax算是同樣功能，但看到後面的英文單字應該可以了解與上述具有相同的關聯，而這方面的Class是可以掌握時間軸上面的變化，在Tweener中，我們只能用Delay來控制動畫先後順序，而在GreenSock所研發的Tweening Platform中則可以利用TimlinelineLite或TimelineMax來處理。
馬上來介紹有關這個Class的一些使用方式，與Tweener一樣的是必須先下載（備用載點），然後在需要使用的Flash檔案中import該Class，下載解壓後會有以下的資料夾：
- badges：GreenSock圖標。
- com：主要Class資料夾。
- demo_swfs：裡面有很多swf的展示，對於想要了解本Class非常有幫助。
- docs：參考文件。
在import時，看你想要使用的Class來import，例如需要使用TweenNano則：
import com.greensock.TweenNano;
若需同時使用TweenLite和TweenMax則：
import com.greensock.TweenLite; import com.greensock.TweenMax;
想偷懶，則：（別擔心，Flash只會內嵌有使用到的部分）
import com.greensock.*;
至於製作補間的程式碼，其實官方就有製作swf來給大家參考，這邊也把官方的範例放進來給大家參考：
上面的案例可以讓你測試動畫效果，下方也會產生該段動畫的程式碼供你使用，實在是非常方便。另外關於Tween的語法也可以改成下面這種版本：
TweenLite.from(mc, 1.5, {y:0, alpha:0});
一個是告訴動畫要去哪，另一個是告訴動畫要從哪開始變化，關於Tweener可以使用的delay、onComplete、onStart、onUpdate…等，這個Class也都可以使用，例如：
TweenLite.to(mc, 1.5, {x:100, ease:Elastic.easeOut, delay:1, onComplete:okFn});
function okFn() {
trace("動畫執行完畢");
}
這個Class還有很多特別的動畫效果，例如：濾鏡、短距離旋轉、貝茲曲線、聲音、色彩變換…等，大家也可以參考官方製作的swf來參考動畫效果與取得程式碼：
在動畫控制上面可以使用如下的程式碼來控制動畫：
var myTween:TweenLite = new TweenLite(mc, 1, {x:100, y:100});
myTween.pause();
//暫停動畫播放
myTween.resume();
//恢復動畫播放
myTween.reverse();
//反向播放
myTween.play();
//播放動畫
myTween.restart();
//重播動畫
myTween.invalidate();
//移除補間並使元件恢復原始狀態
myTween.kill();
//清除補間動畫
TweenLite.killTweensOf(mc);
//清除所有物件之補間動畫
以上是有關GreenSock Tweening的介紹，接下來介紹有關TimelineLite與TimelingMax的部分。
就像上面有提到在Tweener中我們如果希望三個元件在不同的時間點開始移動，就只能使用delay或是另外寫程式來控制，現在我們可以使用Timeline相關的Class來完成這樣的任務，甚至還可以讓時間軸倒著播放也沒問題，以下就是有關TimelineLite的官方範例：
另外是TimelineMax的範例檔，供大家參考：
以上就是針對GreenSock Tweening Platform大致的介紹，建議有空可以前往官網鑽研更多其他的功能，另外其實GreenSock另外還有TransformManager和LoaderMax，各位也可以先參考官網文章或是未來再跟大家分享我的使用心得。
註：本範例所使用的範例版權屬於GreenSock公司所有。
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Josh Giddey hits halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James to cap wild finale as the Bulls stun the Lakers
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Josh Giddey hit a game-winning, halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James as the Chicago Bulls stunned the Los Angeles Lakers in one of the wildest endings to an NBA game you are ever likely to see.
Trailing 115-110 with 12.6 seconds remaining, Giddey’s inbound pass found Nikola Vucevic, who pushed the ball to a wide-open Patrick Williams for a corner three-pointer.
James then fluffed the Lakers inbound pass from the baseline, allowing Giddey to steal the ball and find Coby White for a second Bulls triple in quick succession to put Chicago up 116-115 with 6.1 seconds remaining.
Austin Reaves then made a driving layup to put the Lakers ahead 117-116 with 3.3 seconds left, but the game wasn’t done yet.
With no timeouts remaining, Giddey inbounded the ball to Williams from the baseline, got the pass back, took one dribble and launched a shot from beyond halfcourt.
Supporters in the stands seemed frozen in anticipation as the ball sailed through the air, and the United Center then erupted as it fell through the net. After the dramatic win, Giddey found himself being swarmed by his teammates.
“Special moment to do it with these guys, this team,” Giddey said, per ESPN. “We’ve shown over the last month to six weeks that we can beat anybody. The way we play the game, I think it wears people down.
“We get up and down. We run. We put heat on them to get back. A lot of veteran teams don’t particularly want to get back and play in transition.”
Giddey later told the Bulls broadcast that he’d “never made a game-winner before.”
The ending capped an incredible couple of games for the Lakers, who had themselves won their last game against the Indiana Pacers on Wednesday with a buzzer-beating tip-in from James.
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Water and life
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.
Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Researchers identified salt minerals in the Bennu samples that were deposited as a result of brine evaporation from the asteroid’s parent body. In particular, they found a number of sodium salts, such as the needles of hydrated sodium carbonate highlighted in purple in this false-colored image – salts that could easily have been compromised if the samples had been exposed to water in Earth’s atmosphere.
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Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.
“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
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New design revealed for Airbus hydrogen plane
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In travel news this week: Bhutan’s spectacular new airport, the world’s first 3D-printed train station has been built in Japan, plus new designs for Airbus’ zero-emission aircraft and France’s next-generation high-speed trains.
Grand designs
European aerospace giant Airbus has revealed a new design for its upcoming fully electric, hydrogen-powered ZEROe aircraft. powered by hydrogen fuel cells.
The single-aisle plane now has four engines, rather than six, each powered by their own fuel cell stack.
The reworked design comes after the news that the ZEROe will be in our skies later than Airbus hoped.
The plan was to launch a zero-emission aircraft by 2035, but now the next-generation single-aisle aircraft is slated to enter service in the second half of the 2030s.
Over in Asia, the Himalayan country of Bhutan is building a gloriously Zen-like new airport befitting a nation with its very own happiness index.
Gelephu International is designed to serve a brand new “mindfulness city,” planned for southern Bhutan, near its border with India.
In rail travel, Japan has just built the world’s first 3D-printed train station, which took just two and a half hours to construct, according to The Japan Times. That’s even shorter than the whizzy six hours it was projected to take.
France’s high-speed TGV rail service has revealed its next generation of trains, which will be capable of reaching speeds of up to 320 kilometers an hour (nearly 200 mph).
The stylish interiors have been causing a stir online, as has the double-decker dining car.
Finally, work is underway in London on turning a mile-long series of secret World War II tunnels under a tube station into a major new tourist attraction. CNN took a look inside.
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Siham Haleem, a private tour guide for 15 years, says that Doha now has many world-class, modern museums — the National Museum of Qatar being a firm personal favorite. And yet he says that visiting Sheikh Faisal’s museum should still be on everybody’s to-do list.
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“For those eager to learn about Qatar’s — and the region’s — heritage and beyond, the museum is an ideal destination,” he says. “Personally, I’m captivated by the car collection, the fossils, and especially the Syrian house, painstakingly transported and reassembled piece by piece.”
Stephanie Y. Martinez, a Mexican-American student mobility manager at Texas A&M University in Qatar likes the museum so much she includes it on all of her itineraries for students visiting from the main campus in Texas.
“The guided tours are very detailed, and the collections found at the museum have great variety and so many stories to unfold,” she says. “Truly, the museum has something to pique everyone’s interest. My favorites are the cars and the furniture exhibits showcasing wood and mother-of-pearl details. Definitely one of my favorite museums in Qatar, every time I visit I learn something new.”
Raynor Abreu, from India, also had praise for the unusual and immense collection.
“Each item has its own story, making the visit even more interesting,” he says. “It’s also impressive to know that Sheikh Faisal started collecting these unique pieces when he was very young. Knowing this makes the museum even more special, as it reflects his lifelong passion for history and culture.”
It takes time and dedication to truly examine the many collections within the museum — especially since most of them are simply on display without explanation.
Eclectic it may be, but it’s hard to fault the determination of Sheikh Faisal, who has brought together items that tell the story of Qatar and the Middle East.
Sarah Bayley, from the UK, says she visited the museum recently with her family, including 16 and 19-year-old teenagers, and was won over by its sheer eccentricity.
“Amazing. Loved it. It is a crazy place.”
Remote and rugged
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A more organic way to see this coast is by the multi-day coastal ferry, the long-running Sarfaq Ittuk, of the Arctic Umiaq Line. It’s less corporate than the modern cruise ships and travelers get to meet Inuit commuters. Greenland is pricey. Lettuce in a local community store might cost $10, but this coastal voyage won’t break the bank.
The hot ticket currently for exploring Greenland’s wilder side is to head to the east coast facing Europe. It’s raw and sees far fewer tourists, with a harshly dramatic coastline of fjords where icebergs drift south. There are no roads and the scattered population of just over 3,500 people inhabit a coastline roughly the distance from New York to Denver.
A growing number of small expedition vessels probe this remote coast for its frosted scenery and wildlife. Increasingly popular is the world’s largest fjord system of Scoresby Sound with its sharp-fanged mountains and hanging valleys choked by glaciers. Sailing north is the prosaically named North East Greenland National Park, fabulous for spotting wildlife on the tundra.
Travelers come to see polar bears which, during the northern hemisphere’s summer, move closer to land as the sea-ice melts. There are also musk oxen, great flocks of migrating geese, Arctic foxes and walrus.
Some of these animals are fair game for the local communities. Perhaps Greenland’s most interesting cultural visit is to a village that will take longer to learn how to pronounce than actually walk around — Ittoqqortoormiit. Five hundred miles north of its neighboring settlement, the 345 locals are frozen in for nine months of the year. Ships sail in to meet them during the brief summer melt between June and August.
Locked in by ice, they’ve retained traditional habits.
“My parents hunt nearly all their food,” said Mette Barselajsen, who owns Ittoqqortoormiit’s only guesthouse. “They prefer the old ways, burying it in the ground to ferment and preserve it. Just one muskox can bring 440 pounds of meat.”
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