透過Java解析Excel檔案

也是一個工作中遇到的情境,很多單位想讓內部人員利用Excel維護資料(因為維護上比較簡單方便),且想讓這份資料透過網頁呈現給一般網友閱讀,所以整體後端的流程應該是:

  1. 將維護的Excel透過網頁介面上傳
  2. 將上傳的Excel轉換成XML
  3. 網頁去讀取這份XML來呈現

透過以上的三個步驟,就可以完成客戶想要效果。

本範例展示的是讀取Excel的XLS格式(新版Excel為XLSX格式),並轉換成陣列的方法(寫入XML在前面的範例就有了),我們選用讀取Excel的Library是Apache POI,而檔內已經有以下的資料,其中Total是公式欄位,計算Price x Quantity:

IDNamePriceQuantityTotal
100001產品名稱110550
100002產品名稱22010200
100003產品名稱33015450

以下是讀取的程式範例:

package CDIT.stanley;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;


public class excelToXMLFullSample {
	
	static ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> excelData = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();
	
	public static void main (String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException{
		
		excelData.clear();
	    
	    String xlsPath = "C:\\Projects\\Javas\\sample.xls";
	    InputStream inputStream = null;
	    inputStream = new FileInputStream (xlsPath);
		POIFSFileSystem fileSystem = null;
	    try {
	        fileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem (inputStream);
			@SuppressWarnings("resource")
			HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook (fileSystem);
	        HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.getSheetAt (0);
	        Iterator<?> rows = sheet.rowIterator ();
	        
	        while (rows.hasNext ()){
	            HSSFRow row = (HSSFRow) rows.next();
	            Iterator<?> cells = row.cellIterator ();

	            ArrayList<String> rowData = new ArrayList<String>();
	            
	            while (cells.hasNext ()){
	                HSSFCell cell = (HSSFCell) cells.next();
	                
	                switch (cell.getCellTypeEnum()){
		                case STRING :{
		                    rowData.add(cell.getStringCellValue());
		                    break;
		                }
		                case NUMERIC : {
		                    rowData.add((int)cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
			                break;
		                }
		                case FORMULA :{
		                	switch(cell.getCachedFormulaResultTypeEnum()) {
			                    case STRING:
			                    	rowData.add(cell.getStringCellValue ());
			                        break;
			                    case NUMERIC:
			                    	rowData.add((int)cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
			                        break;
					default:
						rowData.add("");
						break;
		                	}
		                }		                
			default:
				rowData.add("");
				break;
	                }
	            }
	            excelData.add(rowData);
	        }
	    } catch(IOException e){
	        System.out.println("IOException " + e.getMessage());
	        System.out.println("轉換失敗,請檢查Excel檔案與格式是否正確");
	    }
	    for(int i=0 ; i<excelData.size(); i++){
	    	System.out.println("Excel Row "+ i +" Data : " + excelData.get(i));
	    }
	    
	}
}

程式會把Excel內的資料轉換為ArrayList,輸出內容如下:

Excel Row 0 Data : [Product ID, Product Name, Product Price, Quantity, Total]
Excel Row 1 Data : [100001, 產品名稱1, 10, 5, 50, ]
Excel Row 2 Data : [100002, 產品名稱2, 20, 10, 200, ]
Excel Row 3 Data : [100003, 產品名稱3, 30, 15, 450, ]

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    As Mexico City grew and became more industrialized, the need for water brought pumps and pipes to the lake, and eventually, “it was like a bad, smelly pond with rotten water,” Zambrano said. “All of our aquatic animals suffer with bad water quality, but amphibians suffer more because they have to breathe with the skin.”
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    To add to the axolotls’ problems, invasive fish species such as carp and tilapia were introduced to the lake, where they feed on axolotl eggs. And a 1985 earthquake in Mexico City displaced thousands of people, who found new homes in the area around the lake, further contributing to the destruction of the axolotls’ habitat.

    These combined threats have devastated axolotl populations. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are fewer than 100 adult axolotls left in the wild. The species is considered critically endangered.
    While the wild axolotls of Lake Xochimilco have dwindled to near-extinction, countless axolotls have been bred for scientific laboratories and the pet trade. “The axolotl essentially helped establish the field of experimental zoology,” Voss said.

    In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual metamorphosis (or lack thereof) as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts.
    In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade (though they are illegal to own in California, Maine, New Jersey and Washington, DC). However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic anomalies that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for in the pet trade.

    What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic variance,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. (Plus, the pet axolotls likely wouldn’t fare well with the poor habitat conditions in the lake.)

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    The difficulties that axolotls face in the wild are almost diametrically opposed to the fame they’ve found in recent years. Axolotls have captured the human imagination for centuries, as evidenced by their roles in Aztec religion and stories, but the early 21st century seems to be a high point for them. An axolotl graces the 50 peso bill. There are axolotl-inspired Pokemon, and Reddit commenters have noted that the character Toothless from the “How to Train Your Dragon” movie series is distinctly axolotl-like.

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