Java針對XML檔案的操作大集合
XML是工作上常用到的資料交換格式，會需要利用JAVA進行XML資料的新增、修改或刪除，這裡把相關的方法記錄下來。
下述範例會存取在C:\Projects\Javas\中的sample.xml檔，而檔案中已經有以下的內容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root>
<item>
<productID>10001</productID>
<productName>產品名稱1</productName>
<productPrice>10</productPrice>
</item>
<item>
<productID>10002</productID>
<productName>產品名稱2</productName>
<productPrice>20</productPrice>
</item>
<item>
<productID>10003</productID>
<productName>產品名稱3</productName>
<productPrice>30</productPrice>
</item>
</root>
利用Java存取XML我選用的Library是dom4j，可參考官網的介紹，以下是JAVA存取的程式範例：
package CDIT.stanley;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class dom4jXMLFullSample {
//新增XML Node內容
public static String XMLAppendNode(String xmlFilePath, String productID, String productName, String productPrice){
String appendStatus = "0";
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(xmlFilePath);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
Element item = root.addElement("item");
item.addElement("productID").setText(productID);
item.addElement("productName").setText(productName);
item.addElement("productPrice").setText(productPrice);
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("utf-8");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream(xmlFilePath),format);
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
appendStatus = "1";
} catch (DocumentException e) {
return appendStatus;
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return appendStatus;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
return appendStatus;
} catch (IOException e) {
return appendStatus;
}
return appendStatus;
}
//修改XML Node內容
public static String XMLChangeNodeValue(String xmlFilePath, String productID, String productName, String productPrice){
String updateStatus = "0";
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(xmlFilePath);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
Iterator it = root.elementIterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Element element = (Element) it.next();
if(productID.equals(element.elementText("productID"))){
try {
element.element("productName").setText(productName);
element.element("productPrice").setText(productPrice);
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("utf-8");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream(xmlFilePath),format);
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
updateStatus = "1";
} catch (IOException e) {
return updateStatus;
}
}
}
return updateStatus;
} catch (DocumentException e) {
return updateStatus;
}
}
//刪除XML Node
public static String XMLRemoveNode(String xmlFilePath , String productID){
String removeStatus = "0";
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(xmlFilePath);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
Iterator it = root.elementIterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Element element = (Element) it.next();
if(productID.equals(element.elementText("productID"))){
try {
element.element("item");
element.detach();
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("utf-8");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream(xmlFilePath),format);
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
removeStatus = "1";
} catch (IOException e) {
return removeStatus;
}
}
}
return removeStatus;
} catch (DocumentException e) {
return removeStatus;
}
}
public static void main (String[] args){
String xmlFilePath = "C:\\Projects\\Javas\\sample.xml";
//新增
XMLAppendNode(xmlFilePath , "10004", "產品名稱4", "40");
//修改
XMLChangeNodeValue (xmlFilePath , "10001", "測試修改", "100");
//刪除
XMLRemoveNode (xmlFilePath , "10002");
}
}
上述程式進行完後，會將原本的XML檔變成如下的內容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root>
<item>
<productID>10001</productID>
<productName>測試修改</productName>
<productPrice>100</productPrice>
</item>
<item>
<productID>10003</productID>
<productName>產品名稱3</productName>
<productPrice>30</productPrice>
</item>
<item>
<productID>10004</productID>
<productName>產品名稱4</productName>
<productPrice>40</productPrice>
</item>
</root>
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Josh Giddey hits halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James to cap wild finale as the Bulls stun the Lakers
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Josh Giddey hit a game-winning, halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James as the Chicago Bulls stunned the Los Angeles Lakers in one of the wildest endings to an NBA game you are ever likely to see.
Trailing 115-110 with 12.6 seconds remaining, Giddey’s inbound pass found Nikola Vucevic, who pushed the ball to a wide-open Patrick Williams for a corner three-pointer.
James then fluffed the Lakers inbound pass from the baseline, allowing Giddey to steal the ball and find Coby White for a second Bulls triple in quick succession to put Chicago up 116-115 with 6.1 seconds remaining.
Austin Reaves then made a driving layup to put the Lakers ahead 117-116 with 3.3 seconds left, but the game wasn’t done yet.
With no timeouts remaining, Giddey inbounded the ball to Williams from the baseline, got the pass back, took one dribble and launched a shot from beyond halfcourt.
Supporters in the stands seemed frozen in anticipation as the ball sailed through the air, and the United Center then erupted as it fell through the net. After the dramatic win, Giddey found himself being swarmed by his teammates.
“Special moment to do it with these guys, this team,” Giddey said, per ESPN. “We’ve shown over the last month to six weeks that we can beat anybody. The way we play the game, I think it wears people down.
“We get up and down. We run. We put heat on them to get back. A lot of veteran teams don’t particularly want to get back and play in transition.”
Giddey later told the Bulls broadcast that he’d “never made a game-winner before.”
The ending capped an incredible couple of games for the Lakers, who had themselves won their last game against the Indiana Pacers on Wednesday with a buzzer-beating tip-in from James.
Mist and microlightning
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To recreate a scenario that may have produced Earth’s first organic molecules, researchers built upon experiments from 1953 when American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey concocted a gas mixture mimicking the atmosphere of ancient Earth. Miller and Urey combined ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and water, enclosed their “atmosphere” inside a glass sphere and jolted it with electricity, producing simple amino acids containing carbon and nitrogen. The Miller-Urey experiment, as it is now known, supported the scientific theory of abiogenesis: that life could emerge from nonliving molecules.
For the new study, scientists revisited the 1953 experiments but directed their attention toward electrical activity on a smaller scale, said senior study author Dr. Richard Zare, the Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor of Natural Science and professor of chemistry at Stanford University in California. Zare and his colleagues looked at electricity exchange between charged water droplets measuring between 1 micron and 20 microns in diameter. (The width of a human hair is 100 microns.)
“The big droplets are positively charged. The little droplets are negatively charged,” Zare told CNN. “When droplets that have opposite charges are close together, electrons can jump from the negatively charged droplet to the positively charged droplet.”
The researchers mixed ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen in a glass bulb, then sprayed the gases with water mist, using a high-speed camera to capture faint flashes of microlightning in the vapor. When they examined the bulb’s contents, they found organic molecules with carbon-nitrogen bonds. These included the amino acid glycine and uracil, a nucleotide base in RNA.
“We discovered no new chemistry; we have actually reproduced all the chemistry that Miller and Urey did in 1953,” Zare said. Nor did the team discover new physics, he added — the experiments were based on known principles of electrostatics.
“What we have done, for the first time, is we have seen that little droplets, when they’re formed from water, actually emit light and get this spark,” Zare said. “That’s new. And that spark causes all types of chemical transformations.”
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A tiny rainforest country is growing into a petrostate. A US oil company could reap the biggest rewards
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Guyana’s destiny changed in 2015. US fossil fuel giant Exxon discovered nearly 11 billion barrels of oil in the deep water off the coast of this tiny, rainforested country.
It was one of the most spectacular oil discoveries of recent decades. By 2019, Exxon and its partners, US oil company Hess and China-headquartered CNOOC, had started producing the fossil fuel.? They now pump around 650,000 barrels of oil a day, with plans to more than double this to 1.3 million by 2027.
Guyana now has the world’s highest expected oil production growth through 2035.
This country — sandwiched between Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname — has been hailed as a climate champion for the lush, well-preserved forests that carpet nearly 90% of its land. It is on the path to becoming a petrostate at the same time as the impacts of the fossil fuel-driven climate crisis escalate.
While the government says environmental protection and an oil industry can go hand-in-hand, and low-income countries must be allowed to exploit their own resources, critics say it’s a dangerous path in a warming world, and the benefits may ultimately skew toward Exxon — not Guyana.
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Scientists redid an experiment that showed how life on Earth could have started. They found a new possibility
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In the 1931 movie “Frankenstein,” Dr. Henry Frankenstein howling his triumph was an electrifying moment in more ways than one. As massive bolts of lightning and energy crackled, Frankenstein’s monster stirred on a laboratory table, its corpse brought to life by the power of electricity.
Electrical energy may also have sparked the beginnings of life on Earth billions of years ago, though with a bit less scenery-chewing than that classic film scene.
Earth is around 4.5 billion years old, and the oldest direct fossil evidence of ancient life — stromatolites, or microscopic organisms preserved in layers known as microbial mats — is about 3.5 billion years old. However, some scientists suspect life originated even earlier, emerging from accumulated organic molecules in primitive bodies of water, a mixture sometimes referred to as primordial soup.
But where did that organic material come from in the first place? Researchers decades ago proposed that lightning caused chemical reactions in ancient Earth’s oceans and spontaneously produced the organic molecules.
Now, new research published March 14 in the journal Science Advances suggests that fizzes of barely visible “microlightning,” generated between charged droplets of water mist, could have been potent enough to cook up amino acids from inorganic material. Amino acids — organic molecules that combine to form proteins — are life’s most basic building blocks and would have been the first step toward the evolution of life.
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“You have a government that is reckless about what is going to happen to Guyana,” said Melinda Janki, an international lawyer in Guyana who is handling several lawsuits against Exxon. It’s pursuing “a supposed course of development that is actually backward and destructive,” she told CNN.
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And while plenty of Guyanese people welcome the new oil industry, some say Guyana’s startling economic statistics do not reflect a real-world prosperity for ordinary people, many of whom are struggling with the higher prices accompanying the oil boom. Inflation rose 6.6% in 2023, with prices of some foods shooting up much more rapidly.
“Since the oil extraction began in Guyana, we have noticed that our cost of living has gone sky high,” said Wintress White, of Red Thread, a non-profit that focuses on improving living conditions for Guyanese women. “The money is not trickling down to the masses,” she told CNN.
CNN contacted President Ali, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Finance for comment but received no response.
Guyana, a former Dutch then British colony which gained independence in 1966, is one of only a handful of countries that is a “carbon sink,” meaning it stores more planet-heating pollution than it produces. This is due to its vast rainforest; trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow.
The country has protected its biodiversity where others have destroyed theirs, President Ali said in a BBC interview last year. In 2009, the country signed an agreement with Norway, which promised Guyana more than $250 million to preserve its 18.5 million hectares, or nearly 46 million acres, of forests.
Ali insists the country can balance climate leadership and fossil fuel exploitation. The new oil wealth will allow Guayana to develop, including building climate adaptations such as sea walls, he has said. He has also pointed to the continued failures of wealthy countries, already grown rich on their own fossil fuels, to help poorer countries with climate finance.
But there are concerns Guyana could fall victim to the “resource curse,” in which vast, new wealth ?can actually make life worse for those who live there.
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